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European Journalism Centre (EJC) questioned Jonathan Gray (see right), community coordinator at the Open Knowledge Foundation, a UK non-profit organisation dedicated to promoting open knowledge internationally, about how journalists can exploit the potential of open data. Jonathan is also the founder of WhereDoesMyMoneyGo.org, a web application which allows users to explore and visually represent UK public spending.
EJC: Where and how can journalists access free and open data sources on the Internet?
Jonathan Gray: There is currently a huge wealth of freely accessible data on the Internet, scattered over web real estate belonging to government departments, academics, NGOs, news organisations, technologists and others. Yet despite the fact that there is so much information out there, it is not always easy to find the exact information you are looking for; get hold of raw data sources (as opposed to reports, articles and other material about these sources), and find out whether or not you can freely reuse the information (just because something is accessible online, this does not always mean you’re allowed to reuse or republish it).
To address these issues we started the CKAN project, which aims to make it easy to find collections of documents and datasets which anyone can freely re-use for any purpose.
CKAN is now being used by the UK government in its data.gov.uk project, and we are helping open government data advocates around the world set up new instances to track sources of open data in over a dozen countries. We’re also working hard to make sure that other data catalogues in other countries are interoperable with CKAN, and to promote uptake of the project in different communities creating and using public datasets - from geospatial data analysts to civic hackers, from climate modellers to semantic web technologists. We hope that CKAN will become an international, multilingual, distributed one-stop shop for open data.
If you are interested in using this technology to set up a data registry in your country (whether you’re an advocate or a civil servant), we’d love to hear from you.
EJC: Would journalists need special skills, like programming to explore and analyze these datasets?JG: Having some programming skills is no doubt useful for journalists whose work may depend on extracting, analysing, and understanding information in large databases. This may be particularly valuable for investigative journalists trawling public sources to build up a richer picture of complex chains of events or states of affairs. However new digital technologies are making it increasingly easy for journalists without programming skills to explore and analyse datasets.
Social web services such as Many Eyes or Google Chart Tools mean that anyone can visually represent data sets ‘on the fly’. Free and open source desktop applications also enable people to drill down into databases in increasingly sophisticated ways.
While these kinds of tools can go a long way, there are obviously still limits as to what non-technical journalists can do. A good example of this is the recent release of the COINS data in the UK – a huge release of information on public spending, unprecedented in its scope and detail. We had journalists from many different national newspapers and news outlets calling us to ask what was in the data, and in particular whether we had found any good stories. At the time several people expressed disappointment with the release, basically complaining that getting useful or interesting information from the database was like getting blood from a stone. The good news is that since then we’ve seen at least half a dozen new projects which let people sort, search, explore and comment on the data, and no doubt we will see many more in the next few months and years.
To quote Peter Murray-Rust, OKF Advisory Board member and tireless advocate of open data in chemistry, “Data is difficult”. Whether we’re talking about statistical data, environmental data or spending data, the chain from production to presentation can often be long and complicated. The more people involved in the process of cleaning up, checking, interpreting, and visually representing datasets the better. Hence at the OKF we are strong advocates of a community-driven approach, involving experts from across the board, as well as interested and motivated citizens.
We hope to move to a situation where rather than a single official point of contact for datasets (whether from national governments, international bodies or NGOs), we have an ecosystem of open data with lots of datasets connected together, accessible via many different interfaces and with plenty of tools to help people understand and interact with the data.
Rather than the traditional treasure hunt, for example looking for data buried deep on an official website or PDF document, working out how to use the shiny front end interface, etc., we hope there will be more of a two way relationship with information around us, i.e. delivery on demand according to interests, read/write access, commenting, telling stories with data, enabling people to embed dynamic visual representations which link back to source, and so on. By explicitly opening up datasets for others to freely reuse without restriction we allow a thousand flowers to bloom.
While the core task of journalists will presumably continue to be much the same, i.e. interpreting, communicating and framing the information in meaningful narratives, with comment and analysis, I think the precise division of labour between journalists and others remains to be seen. Hopefully we’ll see some boundaries begin to blur.
EJC: What are the common challenges associated with data usage, production and presentation? And what is there to learn for journalists who want to go in this direction from your perspective?
JG: As I alluded to above, piecing together and interpreting data can be hard. (Getting data in the first place can also be hard—but that’s another story!). There are lots of great examples of this from Ben Goldacre’s analysis of a recent Guardian article take on NHS death rates, to dodgy newspaper graphs (see this presentation from Simon Field, CTO of the UK’s Office for National Statistics).
We’ve experienced a number of difficulties when trying to make sense of UK spending data as part of the Where Does My Money Go? project, including (but by no means limited to) missing data, different figures from different government sources, retired schema, absent keys, changing categories, multiple different codes, data delivered on thousands of sheets of paper, and so on.
